Introduction

The European Union has over 180 civilian and military authorities that lead coast guard functions at the national level, requiring strong cross-border and cross-sector collaboration to prevent redundancy and enhance efficiency. To support national authorities, three EU agencies—EFCA, EMSA, and Frontex—assist in carrying out these functions. In 2016, their founding regulations were amended to include a common article on European cooperation for coast guard operations.

A Practical Handbook was developed as part of this initiative, providing guidelines, best practices, and recommendations for cooperation. Adopted by the European Commission in 2021, the Handbook aims to improve coordination, streamline efforts, and foster synergy among Member States and the EU Agencies.